Generalised Isentropic Relations in Thermodynamics

Isentropic processes in thermodynamics are fundamental to our understanding of numerous physical phenomena across different scientific and engineering fields. They provide a theoretical reference case for the evaluation real thermodynamic observations. Yet, as analytical relations isentropic transformations gas dynamics limited ideal gases, inability analytically describe non-ideal gases is shortcoming. This work presents generalised based on by Kouremenos et al., where three exponents γPv, γTv γPT introduced replace exponent γ incorporate departure from behaviour. The general applicability presented exploring its connections existing models incompressible liquids. Generalised formulations speed sound, Bernoulli equation, compressible flow transformations, thereafter, connecting previously disjoint theories Lastly, expressions demonstrated practical examples, their accuracy discussed.